By

From Fresh Dictionary

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English

Rank of this word in the English language, from analyzing texts from Project Gutenberg.
not	be	at	#21: by	on	her	which

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Pronunciation

Image:Loudspeaker.png Audio (US)^{?, file}
(RP) IPA: /baÉª/

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Preposition

Near or next to.
The mailbox is by the bus stop.
At some time before (the given time).
Be back by ten o'clock!
(Indicates the subject of a verb in passive voice) Through the action or presence of.
The matter was decided by the chairman.
The boat was swamped by the water.
He was protected by his body armour.
(Indicates the creator of a work) Existing through the authorship etc of.
There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare
(Indicates a means) Involving/using the means of.
I avoided the guards by moving only when they weren't looking.
(Indicates a rule followed) Using the rules or logic of.
I sorted the items by category.
(Indicates the amount of some progression) With a change of.
Our stock is up by ten percent.
(In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.)
We went through the book page by page.
We crawled forward by inches.

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Translations

Near, or next to

Dutch: bij
Esperanto: apud
French: Ã cÃ´tÃ© de
German: bei

Ido: apud
Italian: vicino
Japanese: -ã®ãã°ã«(-no sobani), -ã®ãã°ã§ (-no sobade)
Kurdish: li, li rex, li nÃªzÃ®, li kÃªleka, li teniÅta
Norwegian: ved
Novial: proxim
Romanian: lÃ¢ngÄ
Slovene: pri
Spanish: por, cerca de
Swedish: vid, intill (close to)

some time before the given time

Dutch: tegen

Italian: entro
Japanese: -ã¾ã§ã«(-madeni)
Norwegian: innen
Novial: ante
Portuguese: prÃ³ximo de
Romanian: Ã®nainte de
Slovene: do
Spanish: alrededor de
Swedish: vid

indication of passive voice

Dutch: door
Esperanto: por

Italian: da
Kurdish: ji alÃ®, ji aliyÃª
Norwegian: av
Novial: da
Spanish: por
Swedish: av

indicates creator of a work

Dutch: door, vanwege
French: de
Ido: da
Italian: da

Kurdish: bi destÃª, ji alÃ®
Norwegian: av
Novial: da
Romanian: de
Spanish: por
Swedish: av

indicates a means

Dutch: op, per
French: au moyen de
German: mit, mittels, durch

Ido: per
Kurdish: bi
Norwegian: ved Ã¥
Novial: per
Romanian: cu
Spanish: por
Swedish: genom att

Indicates a rule followed

Italian: per
Kurdish: li gor, li dÃ»
Norwegian: etter
Novial: segun
Spanish: por
Swedish: efter

Indicating amount of progression

Dutch: met

Italian: del
Kurdish: bi
Norwegian: med
Novial: po

steady progression

Dutch: per

Kurdish: bi
Norwegian: etter
Novial: per
Spanish: por
Swedish: efter

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Translations to be categorized

The translations below need to be checked and inserted into the appropriate table(s) above, removing any numbers. Bear in mind that there are separate pages for different capitalisations. If a translation table directs the user to another page, then move the translation to that page.

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